One scientist denied clearance to work on the project was Albert Einstein, according to The American Museum of Natural History (opens in new tab).īecause one early component of the project was based in the U.S. Within a matter of months, a coalition of American, British and European scientists - many of whom were refugees from Germany, Italy and other fascist nations - began collaborating on a vast international project to develop a uranium-based bomb before any Axis powers beat them to it.